For seasoned truck drivers, long downhill stretches are often one of the most concerning road conditions. These sections are hotspots for truck accidents due to the need for frequent brake usage to control speed, which can lead to a series of severe issues. What should be considered when facing continuous long downhills? How can driving safety be ensured?
Regular Vehicle Inspections, Including Pre-Descent Checks
Vehicles that have been in operation for extended periods may experience suboptimal performance, so regular inspections are essential. Pay special attention to safety-related components such as proper brake clearance, brake pad wear, air pressure levels, cracks in brake drums, functioning brake return springs, and the condition of the air dryer. Immediate repairs or replacements should be made if any problems are found.
If you frequently travel mountain roads, it’s advisable to install a water-spraying device on your brakes. Although this might constitute illegal modification, many areas with long downhills will remind drivers to fill their water tanks and check the water spray equipment to prevent brake failure caused by overheating.
Always exercise caution; even familiar roads require thorough pre-trip checks to ensure all parts are functioning properly.
Preemptive Speed Reduction Before Descending, Avoid Neutral Gear Coasting
Defensive driving is an essential skill for every driver. When approaching a long descent, regardless of whether auxiliary braking systems are present, always plan ahead and stay vigilant. Before entering the downhill stretch, observe and understand the road conditions, including the gradient, length, and availability of escape lanes. Choose an appropriate driving strategy based on this information to ensure safety.
Downshift before descending a long slope to utilize engine compression resistance to help control vehicle speed. Lower gears can reduce the frequency of brake application, mitigating the risk of brake fade. Early downshifting also prevents situations where high speeds make shifting gears difficult during emergencies.
Do not coast in neutral gear. The misconception that “neutral gear coasting saves fuel” can actually increase safety risks. Neutral gear does not save fuel and can lead to insufficient air pressure in the reservoir tank due to less efficient air pump operation and frequent braking, potentially causing brake failure.
Rational Use of Brakes and Installation of Auxiliary Braking Systems
Advances in commercial vehicle technology have led to the availability of auxiliary braking options like hydraulic retarders, engine braking, and exhaust braking. Engine braking is suitable for low-speed operations but should not be used on slippery surfaces; hydraulic retarders are more effective at higher speeds.
For those who frequently drive mountainous routes, consider installing a combination of engine braking and hydraulic retarder to meet braking safety needs at both high and low speeds. If equipped with a hydraulic retarder, use different braking levels to decelerate, reducing the frequency of brake pedal applications and extending brake pad life.
When applying the brakes, do not keep them depressed continuously. Instead, apply brakes intermittently based on speed changes. For higher speeds, use engine downshifting or auxiliary braking to slow down, then apply the brakes intermittently to minimize their use and avoid overheating the brake drums.
Be Mindful of Weather Changes
Wet or foggy weather increases the difficulty and danger of driving due to slippery road conditions. Drivers should decrease speed, maintain greater following distances, and be prepared to handle sudden situations.
In summary, drivers may encounter various challenges during long descents. Maintaining a calm and steady mindset is crucial for handling these situations. Do not panic or operate blindly; instead, take scientifically sound and reasonable measures based on actual conditions.
By adhering to these guidelines, drivers can significantly enhance their safety while navigating long downhill stretches.
